Can any one explain how the network will avoid 51% attack if there is no inflation with expanding monetary tokenomic?

Yeah

Any who can explain?

Sharding has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are obvious: parallel processing and storage splitting. The disadvantages when splitting the network into shards are that the network can be attacked with less resources. Splitting the network in half, the 51% attack becomes a 25%+1 attack in each shard and so on. It is possible to attack multiple shards at once but you need the resources to do this. So how does Elrond solve this? In order to prevent attacking and malicious behaviour we have created the shards big enough (~800 nodes) so that controlling 2/3+1 from a shard is not that easy. Every epoch (~1day) nodes are shuffled between shards in order to destructure malicious groups. $### million to get 2/3+ 1 in a shard + you would need to replace the validators that are already in, that's without reshuffling that is implemented. There will also be "fishermen" in shards that look for invalid blocks (created by malicious groups that contain maybe double spend transactions) and signal these blocks to the metachain with a proof. Once the metachain verifies the proof the malicious nodes will be slashed (their locked tokens will be in part given to the fisherman and in part burned). Elrond has built a rating system, so that the chances of validators that behave malliciously will be reduced to get to the consensus group and this way having another "check and balance" in its protocol

With respect to the tokenomics There's an issuance model in place, have a read through the tokenomics , staking rewards come from a combination of issuance on the network and transaction fees Max after 10 years is 31.4 million, but this number will never be hit due to the nature of the issuance model, the more transactions on the network the less the issuance will be https://elrond.com/blog/the-wealth-of-crypto-networks-elrond-economics-paper/ We are in year 2 in the above tokenomics charts found in the link above. It runs from September, which is when the tokens swapped from ERD